Leia o texto a seguir.
We do a great disservice to boys in how we raise them. We stifle the humanity of boys. We define masculinity in a very narrow way. Masculinity is a hard, small cage, and we put boys inside this cage.
We teach boys to be afraid of fear, of weakness, of vulnerability. We teach them to mask their true selves, because they have to be, in Nigerian-speak—a hard man. In secondary school, a boy and a girl go out, both of them teenagers with meager pocket money. Yet the boy is expected to pay the bills, always, to prove his masculinity. (And we wonder why boys are more likely to steal money from their parents.) What if both boys and girls were raised not to link masculinity and money? What if their attitude was not “the boy has to pay,” but rather, “whoever has more should pay.” Of course, because of their historical advantage, it is mostly men who will have more today. But if we start raising children differently, then in fifty years, in a hundred years, boys will no longer have the pressure of proving their masculinity by material means. But by far the worst thing we do to males — by making them feel they have to be hard — is that we leave them with very fragile egos. The harder a man feels compelled to be, the weaker his ego is.
And then we do a much greater disservice to girls, because we raise them to cater to the fragile egos of males.
We teach girls to shrink themselves, to make themselves smaller.
We say to girls: You can have ambition, but not too much. You should aim to be successful but not too successful, otherwise you will threaten the man. If you are the breadwinner in your relationship with a man, pretend that you are not, especially in public, otherwise you will emasculate him.
CHIMAMANDA, Ngozi Adichie. New York, 2014.
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O texto é parte de um discurso feito em 2012 por Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, uma escritora nigeriana reconhecida como uma das mais importantes jovens autoras anglófonas. Em 2014, esse discurso foi transformado em livro. Com base no texto, elabore uma resposta, em português, para cada um dos itens a seguir.
a) Compare as características que, segundo a autora, marcam a criação de meninos e meninas. Justifique sua resposta com trechos do texto.
b) Identifique a opinião da autora, apontando qual é o principal argumento que a sustenta.